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OUTSIDE THE LINES GLOSSARY TERMS
A
Aeration:
Exposure to the action or effect of air; causing air to circulate through water.
Animal Containment:
A device, barrier or structure designed to confine an animal in a defined area, such as a zoo exhibit.
Animal Husbandry:
The science of feeding, breeding and caring for animals in captivity through an understanding of the biology of the species in their natural environments, their behavior and physical adaptations, diet specifications, and social and space requirements .
Aquarium:
A tank or building for keeping and exhibiting live water animals, plants and fish.
Artificial Coral:
A non-toxic synthetic material that is formed or molded to simulate natural coral reef substrates, often crafted from molds taken from natural coral.
Artificial Rock:
Manmade rock, usually constructed of plaster or concrete to emulate the organic structure, shape, mass and color of natural rock.
B
Biological Filtration:
The breakdown of waste from fish and birds, fertilizers, dead aquatic plants, etc. in the water results in the production of ammonia, an organic compound that is highly toxic to aquatic life. Biofiltration, as it is sometimes referred to, is the conversion of these toxic waste substances into non-toxic nutrients through the action of nitrifying bacteria.
Boulder:
A large, detached and usually rounded rock.
C
Carved Plaster Coat:
The plaster or other cementitious material over a concrete base coat that covers reinforcing steel or wire shaped to emulate a general or specific geological shape or massing.
Chips:
Computer-designed and bent steel wire reinforcing for artificial rock.
Cobble:
Water-worn rock or naturally rounded rock ranging in size from coarse sand to approximately 12" in diameter, sometimes referred to as cobblestone.
Creek:
A small bending or winding stream that is often shallow or intermittent; a rivulet.
Current:
The movement of water within the confines of a body of water such as a lake, pond stream, tributary, river or rivulet.
D
Dividing Boulders:
Large rocks found in the interior of a stream, river, tributary, brook, creek or waterfall.
E
Eddy:
A small whirlpool or swirl effect in a stream, pond, lagoon or lake.
F
Faux Rock:
Artificial rock or rockwork, fake rock, simulated rock, manmade rock.
Flanking boulders:
Large rock found on either side of a stream, river, tributary, brook, creek or the edge of a waterfall.
Fog Generator:
A device or equipment that emits a dense vapor or mist to simulate fog.
Fountain Head:
The source; the head water or headwater of a stream.
Fountain Terminus:
The lower water basin; the end of a stream.
Fountain:
A jet of water, stream, spout, geyser, spurt, spring, basin pool; a natural spring of water; an artificial jet or flow of water; urban oasis; a structure for containing and displaying water, often an elaborate or artistic work with basins, sculptures, etc.
G
Geyser:
A tall column of water ejected into the air by mechanical equipment in a fountain or a relatively rare, naturally occurring phenomenon usually caused by volcanic heating of subterranean water.
GFRC Rock:
Glass Fiber Reinforced Cement (GFRC) can be used to create precast artificial rock panels that are assembled in the field.
H
Hydraulics:
The science that deals with the laws governing water or other liquids in motion and their applications in engineering: practical or applied hydrodynamics.
I
Igneous Rock:
One of the three types of rock, igneous rock is formed by magma or molten rock cooling and becoming solid, volcanic rock.
Interactive Fountain:
Habitable play fountain, choreographed and utilizing synchronized nozzle displays to create patterns.
L
Lagoon:
A shallow body of water separated from the sea or a large body of water by a strip of land, a sand dune or a coral reef, a shallow lake or pond.
Lake:
A large body of water, either natural or man-made, surrounded by land.
Life Support System:
Equipment required to sustain water animals, plants and fish in an artificial environment, such as a zoo or aquarium.
M
Membrane Liner:
A flexible waterproof membrane used in artificial lakes, streams, ponds, lagoons and fountains, typically made of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Hypalon, Polyethylene or Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM).
Metamorphic Rock:
The result of the transformation of an existing rock type in a process called metamorphism, which means "change in form". Metamorphic rocks may be formed where subjected to high temperatures and great pressure deep beneath the Earth's surface or when rock heats up by the intrusion of hot molten rock from the Earth's interior.
P
Pop Jet Fountain:
A fountain that utilizes intermittent pulsing of a synchronized water display.
Pyrotechnic Fountain:
A fountain that incorporates one or more elements of fire fueled by natural gas or propane.
R
River Basin:
The area drained by a river and its tributaries.
Rock:
A solidified form of earth, mineral mass and earthen crust.
Rough Coat:
The base coat of plaster or other cementitious material beneath the carved coat and over the reinforcing cage.
S
Sedimentary Rock:
A type of rock that is formed by sedimentation of material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water.
Shore:
Land at the edge of a body of water, beach, coast, brink, bank, strand, lakeshore, riverbank or riverside.
Show Fountain:
Random displays of water; intermittent displays of water creating a deliberate pattern; the specific synchronization of nozzle jets, often computer animated and choreographed to music and/or lighting sequences.
Static Display Fountain:
A predefined, engineered, constant, fixed and never-changing water flow.
Steel Cage:
The reinforcing steel within artificial rock formed by hand or a machine bending steel reinforcing, wire and mesh, or lath to create the shape of rock masses or boulders.
Stone Faced Plaster:
Also referred to as SFP, a relatively thin application of plaster or other cementitious material that is carved and painted to simulate a natural rock face or stone veneer.
Stream:
Organically shaped channel, moving water from one location to another following a defined shape in a natural or artificially altered environment; small river; a steady flow of water.
T
Talus:
A sloping mass of rocky fragments at the base of a cliff.
Tidal Water:
Water that is affected by tide or wind.
Tide:
The rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the rotation of the Earth and the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun.
W
Water Wall Fountain:
A fountain made by cascading water down the face of an object such as a glass, stone or tiled wall that may be vertical or inclined.
Watercourse:
A stream of water or a stream bed that flows only seasonally; a river; a natural channel for water; a canal or channel made for the conveyance of water.
Waterfall:
Water falling from one elevation to another or to several others; a steep fall or flow of water in a watercourse from a height, as over a precipice; cascade.
Waterline:
The line where water comes in contact with the shore or edge, such as a stream, pond or lake edge.
Waterproof:
Impervious to water; rendered impervious to water by some special process by coating or treating.
Wave:
A disturbance on the surface of a liquid body, the sea or a lake, in the form of a moving ridge or swell.
Z
Zoo Habitat:
An area within a zoo that simulates the natural environment of an organism.
Zoological Garden:
A place where a collection of animals is kept for public viewing and where they may also be bred.
Zoology:
The science that deals with the study of animals and animal life.
